A sprain is an injury to the ligaments around a joint. Ligaments are strong, flexible structures that hold bones together. When a ligament is stretched too far or tears, the joint will become painful and swell.
Causes
Sprains are caused when a joint is forced to move into an unnatural position. For example, "twisting" one's ankle causes a sprain to the ligaments around the ankle.Symptoms
·
Joint pain or muscle pain
·
Swelling
·
Joint stiffness
·
Discoloration of the skin,
especially bruising
First Aid
·
Apply ice immediately to reduce
swelling. Wrap the ice in cloth. Do not place ice directly on the skin.
·
Wrap a bandage around the
affected area firmly, but not tightly, to limit movement. Use a splint if
necessary.
·
Keep the swollen joint raised
about your heart, even while sleeping.
·
Rest the affected joint for
several days.
Pain
relievers can help. DO NOT give aspirin to children.Keep pressure off the injured area until the pain goes away. This usually takes 7-10 days for mild sprains and several weeks for severe ones. Your doctor may recommend crutches. Physical therapy will help you regain motion and strength of the injured area.
When to see a doctor
·
You think you have a broken bone
·
The joint appears out of
position
·
You have a serious injury or
severe pain
·
You hear a popping sound and
have immediate difficulty using the joint
Call
your doctor for an appointment if:
·
Swelling does not start to go
away within 2 days
·
You have symptoms of infection,
including red, warm, painful skin or a fever over 100°F
·
The pain does not go away after
several weeks
Prevention
The following steps may lower your risk of
a sprain:
·
Wear protective footwear during
activities that place stress on your ankle and other joints.
·
Make sure that shoes fit your
feet properly.
·
Avoid high-heeled shoes.
·
Always warm-up and stretch
prior to exercise and sports.
·
Avoid sports and activities for
which you have not trained.
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